DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic Acid, is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. It is a critical component of cells and is essential for all known forms of life.
What is DNA?
- Structure: DNA is a double-stranded helix, consisting of two long chains of nucleotides twisted around each other.
- Nucleotides: Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base (adenine, cytosine, guanine, or thymine).
- Function: DNA stores the genetic information that determines the characteristics of an organism.
DNA in Biology
- Genes: Genes are segments of DNA that code for specific proteins.
- Expression: The process by which information in a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product like a protein or RNA molecule is known as gene expression.
DNA Replication
DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes a copy of its DNA before cell division. This ensures that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic instructions.
DNA Sequencing
DNA sequencing is the process of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule. This technology has revolutionized biology, allowing researchers to study the structure and function of genes and understand the genetic basis of diseases.
For more information on DNA and its applications, visit our DNA Research Center.
If you are interested in learning more about the impact of DNA on modern medicine, check out our Genomics section.