🎥 Advanced Java OOP Concepts

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a cornerstone of modern software development. Here's a breakdown of key principles and practical insights:

📌 Core OOP Principles

• Encapsulation 📦
  Hide implementation details using access modifiers (private, protected).
  Example:

  public class Car {
      private int speed;
      public void accelerate(int increment) { speed += increment; }
  }
  

• Inheritance 🧱
  Extend classes with extends to reuse code.
  Tip: Use abstract classes for shared functionality.
  Learn more about inheritance

• Polymorphism 🌀
  Achieve flexibility with method overriding and interfaces.
  Challenge: Implement a polymorphic hierarchy for shapes.

• Abstraction 🧠
  Simplify complex systems using abstract classes and interfaces.
  Visualize: Abstract_Class

📊 Practical Examples

• Use UML diagrams to model class relationships
• Explore real-world OOP applications like:
  • BankAccount with overdraft protection
  • Animal superclass with Dog, Cat subclasses
  • Shape interface with Circle, Rectangle implementations

📚 Further Learning

• Java OOP Fundamentals
• Design Patterns in Java
• Advanced OOP Techniques

🤔 Common Pitfalls

• Overusing inheritance when composition is better
• Violating the Liskov Substitution Principle
• Forgetting to use access modifiers for encapsulation
• Misunderstanding polymorphism's runtime behavior

📝 Pro Tip: Always ask "What is the relationship between these objects?" before designing class hierarchies.