Welcome to the tutorial on network basics! In this guide, we will cover the fundamental concepts of networking, including how data is transmitted over the internet, the different types of networks, and common network protocols.

What is a Network?

A network is a collection of interconnected devices that can communicate with each other. These devices can be computers, servers, routers, switches, and more. Networks allow us to share resources, such as files and printers, and communicate with others.

Types of Networks

  • Local Area Network (LAN): A LAN is a network that covers a small area, such as a home, office, or school. LANs are typically used to connect devices within a building or a small geographic area.
  • Wide Area Network (WAN): A WAN is a network that spans a large geographic area, such as a city, country, or even the entire world. The internet is an example of a WAN.
  • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): A MAN is a network that covers a larger area than a LAN but smaller than a WAN, such as a city or a group of cities.

How Data is Transmitted

Data is transmitted over a network using packets. A packet is a small unit of data that contains the information needed to route it to its destination. When you send an email or browse a website, your data is divided into packets and sent over the network.

Protocols

Protocols are rules that govern how data is transmitted over a network. Some common network protocols include:

  • TCP/IP: The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is the foundation of the internet. It provides a set of rules for sending and receiving data packets over a network.
  • HTTP: The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is used for transmitting web pages and other resources over the internet.
  • HTTPS: The Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is an extension of HTTP that adds a layer of encryption to secure the data being transmitted.

Common Network Devices

  • Router: A router is a device that connects multiple networks together and directs data packets between them.
  • Switch: A switch is a device that connects devices within a network and forwards data packets to the correct destination.
  • Modem: A modem is a device that converts digital data from a computer into analog signals that can be transmitted over a telephone line or cable.

Learn More

For more in-depth information on networking, check out our Advanced Networking Tutorial.

Networking Diagram

In this tutorial, we've covered the basics of networking. By understanding these fundamental concepts, you'll be better equipped to troubleshoot network issues and understand how the internet works.