1. Thread Safety 🔑

  • Immutable Objects: Use final fields to prevent unintended state changes.
    Immutable_Object
  • Synchronized Methods/Blocks: Control access with synchronized to avoid race conditions.
    Synchronized_Methods
  • Volatile Keyword: Ensure visibility of changes across threads for boolean flags.
    Volatile_Keyword

2. Thread Pool Usage ⚙️

  • ExecutorService: Leverage Executors.newCachedThreadPool() for dynamic task management.
  • Fixed Pool: Use newFixedThreadPool(int n) to limit concurrent threads.
    ThreadPool
  • Avoid Thread Leaks: Always shut down pools with shutdown() or shutdownNow().

3. Synchronization Mechanisms 🔗

  • ReentrantLock: Replace synchronized blocks with ReentrantLock for finer control.
  • Condition Variables: Use Condition for thread-specific waiting notifications.
  • Atomic Classes: Prefer AtomicInteger/AtomicLong for thread-safe operations.
    Synchronization

4. Deadlock Avoidance ⚠️

  • Order Resources: Acquire locks in a fixed order to prevent cyclic dependencies.
  • Timeouts: Use tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) to avoid infinite waits.
  • Avoid Nested Locks: Reduce deadlock risk by minimizing lock nesting levels.
    Deadlock

5. Concurrency Tools 📚

  • CountDownLatch: Synchronize threads with await() and countDown().
  • CyclicBarrier: Coordinate multiple threads at a common barrier point.
  • Semaphore: Control access to resources with permits.
    Concurrency_Tools

For deeper insights, check our Java Concurrency Introduction tutorial. 🌐