Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on objects rather than logic. Python fully supports OOP with its intuitive syntax. Let's explore key concepts:

🧱 Classes and Objects

  • Class: A blueprint for creating objects. Example: 
    class Dog:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name
  • Object: An instance of a class. Example: 
    my_dog = Dog("Buddy")
Class Structure

🔄 Inheritance

  • Allows new classes to inherit properties from existing ones. 
    class Puppy(Dog):
    def play(self):
        print(f"{self.name} is playing!")
  • Parent Class: Base class (e.g., Dog)
  • Child Class: Derived class (e.g., Puppy)
Inheritance Example

🪄 Polymorphism

  • Method Overriding: Reimplementing parent methods in child classes
  • Method Overloading: Not directly supported in Python, but achievable via default parameters
Polymorphism Concept

🔒 Encapsulation

  • Bundling data and methods in a class while restricting direct access 
    class BankAccount:
    def __init__(self):
        self._balance = 0  # Protected attribute
    def deposit(self, amount):
        self._balance += amount
  • Use underscores to indicate internal use
Encapsulation Principle

📚 Extend Your Knowledge

For visual learners, try this interactive Python OOP diagram to see class relationships. 🎨