Data preprocessing is a critical step in building reliable machine learning models. Here are some essential tips to ensure your data is clean and ready for analysis:
1. Handle Missing Data 🚫
- Use mean/median imputation for numerical features.
- Apply mode imputation for categorical variables.
- Remove rows/columns if missing values exceed 80% of the dataset.
- 📌 Tip: Always visualize missing data patterns first.
2. Normalize or Standardize Features ⚖️
- Scale numerical features to a 0-1 range (Min-Max) or standardize them to have a mean of 0 and variance of 1 (Z-Score).
- Avoid leakage by applying scaling only on training data.
- 📌 Tip: Use
sklearn.preprocessing
for efficient scaling.
3. Encode Categorical Variables 🔐
- Convert text labels to numerical codes using one-hot encoding or label encoding.
- For high-cardinality categories, consider embedding layers or target encoding.
- 📌 Tip: Use
pandas.get_dummies()
orsklearn.preprocessing.LabelEncoder()
.
4. Detect and Remove Outliers 📉
- Use Z-Score or IQR (Interquartile Range) methods to identify outliers.
- Visualize with box plots or scatter plots to confirm anomalies.
- 📌 Tip: Remove outliers only if they significantly skew the results.
5. Split Data Strategically 📁
- Follow the 80-20 rule for training and testing splits.
- Use stratified sampling to preserve class distribution in imbalanced datasets.
- 📌 Tip: Avoid data leakage by shuffling before splitting.
For deeper insights, check our Data Preprocessing Basics tutorial. 🌐