Debugging is an essential skill for any Python developer. Here are some practical tips to help you troubleshoot code effectively:

1. Use print() Statements

Insert print() statements to log variable values and program flow.
👉 Example: 

print(f"Value of x: {x}")  # 🩺
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2. Leverage pdb (Python Debugger)

Use pdb for interactive debugging.

  • Start with import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
  • Common commands: n (next), s (step), p (print), q (quit)
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3. Enable Logging

Use logging module for structured debug output. 

import logging  
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)  
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)  
logger.debug("Debug message here")  # 📄
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4. Write Unit Tests

Automate testing with unittest or pytest.

  • Tests isolate issues and validate fixes
  • Example:
def test_addition():  
    assert 2 + 2 == 4
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5. Check for Common Errors

  • TypeErrors: Ensure correct data types
  • IndexErrors: Verify list/string indices
  • KeyErrors: Confirm dictionary keys exist
  • ValueErrors: Handle invalid inputs gracefully

For deeper insights, explore our guide on Python Best Practices. 🚀

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