1. Index Optimization 🔍

  • Use selective indexes: Create indexes on columns frequently used in WHERE, JOIN, or ORDER BY clauses.
  • Avoid over-indexing: Too many indexes slow down write operations.
  • Monitor index usage: Regularly check which indexes are actually being used with tools like EXPLAIN or SHOW INDEX.
database_index

2. Query Optimization 📊

  • Optimize query structure: Simplify complex queries and avoid SELECT *.
  • Limit results: Use pagination (LIMIT/OFFSET) to reduce data transfer.
  • Cache frequent queries: Implement query caching for repetitive requests.
query_optimization

3. Schema Design 📁

  • Normalize data: Reduce redundancy through normalization.
  • Denormalize wisely: Balance read performance with write efficiency.
  • Use appropriate data types: Choose the right types for faster storage and retrieval.
schema_design

4. Connection Management 🔄

  • Pool connections: Use connection pooling to reduce overhead.
  • Close unused connections: Always close connections after use to prevent leaks.
  • Limit connection count: Set a reasonable maximum for connection pools.
connection_pooling

5. Backup & Security 🔒

  • Regular backups: Schedule automated backups for data safety.
  • Encrypt sensitive data: Use TLS for data in transit and encryption at rest.
  • Restrict access: Follow the principle of least privilege for database users.
backup_and_security

For deeper insights, check our guide on database tuning tips. 🚀