Quantum entanglement, a cornerstone of quantum mechanics, describes a phenomenon where particles become interconnected, such that the state of one instantly influences the state of another—regardless of distance. Einstein famously called it spooky action at a distance, but modern experiments have confirmed its validity.

Key Concepts 📚

  • Entangled Particles: When particles like photons or electrons interact, they can form pairs or groups with correlated states (e.g., spin, polarization).
  • Non-local Correlation: Changes to one entangled particle affect the other instantly, defying classical notions of locality.
  • Superposition: Entangled systems exist in a superposition of states until measured, leading to probabilistic outcomes.

Applications 🔬

  • Quantum Computing: Entanglement enables qubits to process information in parallel, boosting computational power.
  • Quantum Cryptography: Secure communication protocols like quantum key distribution rely on entangled particles.
  • Quantum Teleportation: Transferring quantum states between particles over distances using entanglement.

Famous Experiments 🧪

  • EPR Paradox (1935): Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen challenged quantum theory, but later experiments disproved their assumptions.
  • Bell's Theorem (1964): John Bell's inequalities demonstrated that entanglement violates local hidden variable theories.
  • Aspect Experiment (1982): A landmark test confirming quantum entanglement's non-local nature.

For deeper exploration, check our guide on Quantum Physics Basics 📚.

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