Python provides robust mechanisms to handle errors and exceptions gracefully. Understanding this is essential for building reliable applications. Below are key concepts and practices:

1. Basic Syntax

Use try and except blocks to catch exceptions:

try:
    # Code that may raise an error
    result = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    # Handle the specific error
    print("⚠️ Division by zero is not allowed!")
try_except_structure

2. Common Exceptions

Some frequently encountered exceptions include:

  • ValueError (invalid value)
  • TypeError (wrong data type)
  • IndexError (out-of-range index)
  • KeyError (missing key in a dictionary)
  • FileNotFoundError (file not found)

For deeper insights, check our article on Python Exception Types 📘.

3. Custom Exceptions

Define your own exceptions by subclassing Exception:

class CustomError(Exception):
    pass

try:
    raise CustomError("❌ Something went wrong!")
except CustomError as e:
    print(e)

4. Logging Errors

Use the logging module to record errors systematically:

import logging
try:
    # Code that may fail
    open("nonexistent_file.txt")
except FileNotFoundError:
    logging.error("⚠️ File not found!")
logging_module

5. Best Practices

  • Always specify exact exception types
  • Avoid bare except clauses
  • Use finally for cleanup code
  • Consider using else block for code that runs if no exceptions occur

For more examples, explore our Python Error Handling Tutorials section! 🚀