Welcome to the Python Programming Guide! Whether you're a beginner or looking to refine your skills, this resource will help you navigate Python's fundamentals and advanced concepts. Let's dive in!

Table of Contents

Python Basics

Python is a high-level, interpreted language known for its readability. Here's a quick overview:

  • Installation: Download Python from the official site.
  • Hello World: 
    print("Hello, World!")
  • Comments: Use # for single-line comments or triple quotes """ for multi-line.
Python_Syntax

Data Types & Structures

Python supports various data types and structures:

  • Primitive Types: Integers, Floats, Strings, Booleans
  • Collections: Lists [], Tuples (), Sets {}, Dictionaries {key: value}
  • Type Conversion: 
    str(123)  # Convert to string
int("456")  # Convert to integer
Data_Structures_Python

Control Flow

Mastering control flow is essential for logic-building:

  • If-Else Statements: 
    if x > 10:
    print("Greater than 10")
else:
    print("10 or less")
  • Loops: 
    for i in range(5):
    print(i)
  • Break & Continue: Exit or skip iterations as needed.

Functions & Modules

Organize code with functions and reuse it with modules:

  • Defining Functions: 
    def greet(name):
    return f"Hello, {name}!"
  • Importing Modules: 
    import math
print(math.sqrt(16))
  • Built-in Functions: len(), type(), input() etc.
Python_Functions

Object-Oriented Programming

Create reusable code using classes and objects:

class Dog:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def bark(self):
        return f"{self.name} says: Woof!"
  • Inheritance: Extend classes from existing ones
  • Encapsulation: Restrict access using private attributes
  • Polymorphism: Use methods with the same name in different classes

Error Handling

Handle exceptions gracefully:

try:
    result = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Cannot divide by zero!")
finally:
    print("Execution complete.")
  • Common Exceptions: ValueError, KeyError, IndexError
  • Custom Exceptions: Define your own using raise statements

File Operations

Read and write files in Python:

with open("example.txt", "r") as file:
    content = file.read()
  • Modes: "r" (read), "w" (write), "a" (append)
  • File Methods: read(), write(), seek(), close()

Standard Library

Python's standard library offers extensive tools:

  • OS Module: Interact with the operating system
  • Math Module: Advanced mathematical operations
  • Datetime Module: Date and time handling

Advanced Topics

Explore deeper into Python's capabilities:

  • Decorators: Modify function behavior
  • Context Managers: Use with statements for resource management
  • Generators: Create iterators with yield
Python_Advanced

Common Questions

Need help? Check these FAQs:

For interactive learning, try our Python Tutorials section! 🚀