Number theory is a branch of mathematics that explores the properties of integers, particularly the natural numbers. It delves into concepts like prime numbers, divisibility, and modular arithmetic, forming the backbone of modern cryptography and computational algorithms.
Core Topics Covered
- Prime Numbers 🧬
Study of primes and their distribution, including the Sieve of Eratosthenes. - Divisibility Rules 📏
Understanding factors, multiples, and greatest common divisors (GCD). - Modular Arithmetic 🔄
Operations with integers under modulo, essential for coding theory. - Diophantine Equations 🧩
Solving equations in integers, such as x² + y² = z².