Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are a class of deep learning models designed to process grid-like data (e.g., images, videos). They excel at tasks like image recognition, object detection, and pattern analysis due to their local receptive fields and shared weights architecture. Here's a breakdown:

🧩 Key Components of CNNs

  1. Convolutional Layer

    • Applies filters (kernels) to detect features like edges, textures, or shapes.
    • Example: A 3x3 filter scanning an image to identify horizontal lines.
    Convolutional Layer
  2. Pooling Layer

    • Reduces spatial dimensions (e.g., width/height) to lower computational load.
    • Common types: Max Pooling (retains strongest signal), Average Pooling (averages values).
    Pooling Layer
  3. Fully Connected Layer

    • Links all neurons from previous layers to classify the input.
    • Final layer produces output probabilities (e.g., for image classification).
    Fully Connected Layer

📚 How CNNs Work Step-by-Step

  • Input Layer: Accepts raw pixel data of an image.
  • Feature Extraction: Convolutional layers apply filters to identify patterns.
  • Dimensionality Reduction: Pooling layers compress the feature maps.
  • Classification: Fully connected layers make predictions based on extracted features.

For deeper insights into neural network fundamentals, visit our AI Tutorial.
Explore practical examples of CNN architectures here.