1. Multithreading & Concurrency
Java's multithreading capabilities allow concurrent execution of tasks. Key concepts include:
- Thread Safety: Ensuring data consistency in multi-threaded environments
- Synchronization: Using
synchronized
keywords or blocks - Concurrent Collections:
ConcurrentHashMap
,CopyOnWriteArrayList
- Thread Pools: Managing thread execution with
ExecutorService
For deeper insights into thread management, check our Java OOP Concepts tutorial.
2. Reflection Mechanism
Reflection enables runtime inspection of classes and objects. Use cases:
- Dynamic class loading with
Class.forName()
- Accessing private fields/methods
- Creating instances via
Class.newInstance()
Explore practical examples of reflection in Java Core Features.
3. Generics & Type Safety
Generics provide type safety at compile time. Examples:
- Generic classes:
class Box<T>
- Wildcard types:
List<? extends Number>
- Type erasure mechanism
Learn more about generics in Java Collections Framework.
4. Annotations & Metadata
Annotations add metadata to code elements. Types include:
- Built-in annotations:
@Override
,@Deprecated
- Custom annotations: Define with
@interface
- Runtime retention:
@Retention(RUNTIME)
Dive into annotation processing with Java Compilation.
5. JVM Optimization Techniques
Improve application performance through:
- Garbage collection tuning (G1, ZGC, Shenandoah)
- Memory management with heap configuration
- Profiling tools like VisualVM
For foundational knowledge, review Java Basics.
6. Design Patterns in Java
Common patterns include:
- Singleton: Ensures single instance creation
- Factory Method: Defines object creation interface
- Observer: Implements event handling system
Expand your understanding of design patterns in Java Advanced Patterns.