Data preprocessing is a critical step in the machine learning pipeline. It ensures your dataset is clean, consistent, and ready for analysis. Here are key techniques to master:
🧹 Data Cleaning
- Remove duplicates: Use tools like
drop_duplicates()
in pandas. - Handle outliers: Apply statistical methods or visualization (e.g., box plots).
- Correct errors: Validate data entries and fix inconsistencies.
📊 Data Normalization
Normalize data to scale features between 0 and 1. Common methods include:
- Min-Max Scaling:
X = (X - min) / (max - min)
- Z-Score Normalization:
X = (X - μ) / σ
🔐 Feature Encoding
Convert categorical variables into numerical formats:
- One-Hot Encoding: For nominal categories.
- Label Encoding: For ordinal categories.
- Binary Encoding: A compromise between the two.
🧠 Handling Missing Values
- Impute with mean/mode for numerical/categorical data.
- Delete rows/columns if missing values are excessive.
- Use advanced methods like KNN imputation.
🔄 Data Transformation
- Log transformation: To handle skewed distributions.
- Binning: Group continuous values into discrete intervals.
- Polynomial features: Create interaction terms for models.
For deeper insights, explore our Data Cleaning Tutorial to refine your datasets further. 📚