The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) Top Ten is a widely recognized list of the most critical vulnerabilities that threaten web application security. This guide provides an overview of the top 10 risks, along with mitigation strategies and resources for deeper exploration.
1. A1: Injection
Injection flaws, such as SQL, OS command, and LDAP injection, occur when untrusted data is sent to an interpreter. Always validate and sanitize user input to prevent malicious execution.
2. A2: Broken Authentication
Weak authentication mechanisms can allow attackers to compromise passwords, elevate privileges, or impersonate users. Implement strong password policies and use multi-factor authentication (MFA) for better protection.
3. A3: Sensitive Data Exposure
Exposure of sensitive data (e.g., PII, financial info) due to inadequate encryption or secure storage practices. Use TLS for data in transit and encrypt data at rest with strong algorithms.
4. A4: XML External Entities (XXE)
Improperly configured XML parsers can enable XXE attacks, allowing attackers to read local files or launch SSRF. Disable unnecessary XML entity processing and use secure libraries.
5. A5: Broken Access Control
Restrictions on what authenticated users can do are not properly enforced. Regularly review access controls and implement role-based access (RBAC) for granular permissions.
6. A6: Security Misconfiguration
Default configurations, incomplete setup, or misconfigured settings can expose the application to attacks. Follow security best practices and regularly audit configurations.
7. A7: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
XSS vulnerabilities allow attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users. Sanitize all user inputs and use Content Security Policy (CSP) headers.
8. A8: Insecure Deserialization
Improper handling of deserialization can lead to remote code execution or data corruption. Avoid deserializing untrusted data and validate input formats strictly.
9. A9: Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities
Using outdated or vulnerable third-party components exposes the application to attacks. Regularly update dependencies and monitor security advisories.
10. A10: Insufficient Logging & Monitoring
Lack of proper logging and monitoring makes it difficult to detect and respond to attacks. Implement comprehensive logging and real-time monitoring solutions.
📚 Extend Your Knowledge
For a detailed breakdown of each vulnerability or to explore security best practices, visit our OWASP Guide or Security Best Practices.