Neural networks are a fundamental concept in machine learning and artificial intelligence. Understanding their structure is crucial for anyone looking to delve deeper into this field. In this tutorial, we will explore the different components that make up a neural network.

Introduction to Neural Networks

A neural network is a series of algorithms that attempt to recognize underlying relationships in a set of data through a process that mimics the way the human brain operates.

Components of a Neural Network

1. Neurons

Neurons are the basic building blocks of a neural network. Each neuron takes in inputs, processes them, and produces an output.

2. Layers

Neural networks consist of layers of neurons. There are typically three types of layers:

  • Input Layer: Receives the input data.
  • Hidden Layers: Process the data and extract features.
  • Output Layer: Produces the final output.

3. Activation Functions

Activation functions determine whether a neuron should be activated or not. Common activation functions include the sigmoid, ReLU, and tanh functions.

4. Loss Functions

Loss functions measure the difference between the predicted output and the actual output. Common loss functions include mean squared error (MSE) and cross-entropy.

Example: Feedforward Neural Network

A feedforward neural network is the simplest type of neural network. It consists of an input layer, one or more hidden layers, and an output layer.

Input Layer

The input layer receives the input data.

Hidden Layers

The hidden layers process the data and extract features.

Output Layer

The output layer produces the final output.

Further Reading

For more information on neural networks, we recommend checking out our Introduction to Machine Learning tutorial.


Here's an image of a typical neural network structure:

Neural Network Structure