🔒 Zero-Day Vulnerabilities
Zero-day vulnerabilities are security flaws unknown to the software vendor. These exploits can be used by hackers to breach systems before patches are available.
- Detection: Use threat intelligence platforms like Mandiant
- Mitigation: Regularly update software and implement sandboxing techniques
- Example: The 2017 WannaCry ransomware exploited a zero-day vulnerability in Windows
🧠 Advanced Persistent Threats (APT)
APT refers to long-term targeted attacks by sophisticated actors. These attacks often involve multiple stages and require deep technical expertise.
- Characteristics: Stealthy, multi-stage, and highly targeted
- Defense Strategies:
- Behavioral analysis
- Network segmentation
- Endpoint detection and response (EDR) systems
🧩 Cryptographic Techniques
Modern cybersecurity relies on advanced encryption methods to protect data integrity and confidentiality.
- Common Algorithms: AES-256, RSA, Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)
- Key Concepts:
- Quantum-resistant cryptography
- Homomorphic encryption
- Post-quantum security protocols
🛡️ Network Security Architecture
Building robust security frameworks requires layered defense mechanisms.
- Core Components:
- Firewalls & intrusion detection systems (IDS)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
- Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA)
- Best Practices: Regular penetration testing and continuous monitoring
Explore our Network_Security_Guide for in-depth architecture diagrams.
📜 Compliance & Standards
Adhering to global cybersecurity standards is critical for organizations.
- Major Frameworks:
- NIST Cybersecurity Framework
- ISO/IEC 27001
- GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation)
- Resources: Privacy_Policy for compliance requirements